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Yaser Abdi |
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Title: 2D materials for opto-electronic applications |
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Abstract: Utilizing two-dimensional (2D) materials in fabrication of opto-electronic devices may supply new device concepts with higher performance. As a prototype class of 2D and three-dimensional (3D) hybridization, vertical junction of 2D materials/silicon has been intensively studied in a variety of electronic and optoelectronic applications. In this talk I will present application of Si-based vertical junctions for fabrication of broadband and high sensitive detectors. |
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Pouria Ahmadi |
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Title: Challenges and Opportunities of Deployment of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles: Energy and Material Prespective |
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Abstract:
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Habib Bagheri Professor; Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Iran |
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Title: Nanostructured novel modified materials for analysis of complex samples |
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Abstract: Within the last decades, considerable awareness concerning the effect of trace levels of chemicals on the environment and human health is rising. Although reliable analytical instruments and methods toward identification and trace determination of contaminants in environmental samples have been continuously improved, due to the matrices complexities and insufficient instrumental sensitivity, the development of sample preparation techniques have remained a remarkable requirement. Among them, solid phase- based extractions are quite attractive [1] . Generally, most common commercial sorbents are relatively expensive while have considerable carry-over and low sensitivity [2]. To overcome these shortcomings, the preparation of these materials and their implementation as the desired extractive phases has remained an important task. Various types of materials such as conductive polymers [3], sol–gel-based structures [4], electrospun nanofibers [5], carbons [6], superhydrophobic compounds [7] and coordination polymers [8] have been implemented as effective extractive phases. In this presentation, the synthesis of different nano- and micro-materials and their implementation as effective media to isolate hazardous chemicals and drugs from different samples are discussed. Extractive phases based on hybrid inorganic–organic nanostructures or metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as a new class of crystalline porous nano-structures, amine–modified lignin, polycaprolactone nanofiber/silica mesopores, modified carbons and the ultrasound‒assisted formation of carbon dots (CDs) in a metallic deep eutectic solvent are extensively discussed. Eventually their implementation in detection of pollutants in aquatic media and other challenging eatable samples such as meat will be presented. |
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Davide Barreca |
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Title: Towards an efficient and sensitive detection of hazardous chemicals by metal oxide nanosystems |
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Abstract: The early detection of flammable/harmful gases, such as molecular hydrogen, a strategic energy vector, and chemical warfare agents (CWAs), dangerous weapons producing lethal and irreversible damages, is an open issue of utmost importance for health protection and public security. In this context, chemoresistive gas sensors based on metal oxide nanosystems offer manifold advantages, including low processing cost, easy miniaturization and high sensitivity. Up to date, however, the use of such systems for CWA detection has been explored in a relatively limited number of contributions in comparison to the sensing of other analytes, mainly due to issues related to material stability and poisoning effects of the sensor surface, compromising the resulting functional performances. In spite of the efforts undertaken so far, the quest of stable and active sensors endowed with higher operational stability, lower detection limits and enhanced selectivity still represents a main obstacle to be overcome in order to meet the actual technological requirements. This contribution will provide an overview of selected results obtained by our research group in the vapor-phase fabrication and characterization of metal oxide nanomaterials as chemoresistive sensors of: i) molecular hydrogen; ii) CWA simulants compatible with laboratory security standards. In particular, efforts will be devoted to discussion of the following systems: - Mn3O4 nanomaterials, both bare and functionalized with metal nanoparticles, for the detection of CH3CN, dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) and di(propylene glycol) monomethyl ether (DPGME), used as simulants for cyanide agents, Sarin nerve gas and vesicant nitrogen mustard, respectively [1,2]; - MnO2 nanostructures, both bare and functionalized with CuO or SnO2, for the sensing of H2, CH3CN, DMMP and DPGME, with particular regard to the possibility of discriminating between the target analytes depending on the functionalizing species, already at moderate working temperatures [3,4]. The presentation of the most representative data will be aimed at highlighting the current research status and open challenges in the field. Keywords: metal oxides; nanosystems; chemoresistive gas sensors; chemical warfare agents
Reference: [1] C. Maccato, L. Bigiani, G. Carraro, A. Gasparotto, C. Sada, E. Comini and D. Barreca, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 12305 (2018). [2] L. Bigiani, D. Zappa, D. Barreca, A. Gasparotto, C. Sada, G. Tabacchi, E. Fois, E. Comini and C. Maccato, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11, 23692 (2019). [3] D. Barreca, A. Gasparotto, F. Gri, E. Comini, C. Maccato, Adv. Mater. Interfaces 5, 1800792 (2018). [4] L. Bigiani, D. Zappa, C. Maccato, E. Comini, D. Barreca, A. Gasparotto, Appl. Surf. Sci. 512, 145667 (2020).
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José-María Cabrera-Marrero |
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Title: "Challenges to link the gap between research and industrial application of severely deformed metals" |
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https://futur.upc.edu/JoseMariaCabreraMarrero |
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Flavio Deflorian |
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Title: Properties of Polypyrrole coatings on rheocast aluminum‐silicon alloy |
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https://webapps.unitn.it/du/en/Persona/PER0003637/Curriculum |
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Ramin Ebrahimi Professor, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University, Iran |
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Title: Abilities and Developments of Simple Shear Extrusion as an Efficient Technique to Produce Ultrafine Grained and Nanostructured Materials |
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https://cme.shirazu.ac.ir/en/~rebrahimi |
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Stefano Gialanella |
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Title: SEM and TEM based characterization of particulate matter from disc-brake wear |
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Abstract: The un-regulated non-exhaust emissions from automobiles are a cause of concern across the world. In particular, disc-brake wear contributes a significant fraction of particulate matter (PM) in the fine (PM2.5) and ultrafine (PM0.1) range. An exhaustive analysis involving single particle analysis (SPA) of the constituents of these micro/nano-sized materials is the way forward for the development of clean materials for the disc brakes, and also for understanding the relevant wear mechanisms. In this regard, electron microscopy provides a broad range of investigation tools from microstructural, structural, and compositional standpoints. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDXS) favors relatively simpler sample preparation and can provide the morphology and elemental composition of the particles that are too thick for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based analysis. As for TEM, although the sample preparation could be quite challenging, still, again in association with EDXS, it provides information at a much higher spatial resolution. Moreover, with the incorporation of electron diffraction data, yields direct information of the crystallographic structure. A combined analysis of the two approaches is particularly effective for analyzing the complex thermo-mechanical-chemical transformations taking place between the brake pads and disc. In this paper, this combined methodology was applied to the airborne PM collected during bench and lab tests on disc brake systems. The tests were designed in a way to rank the particles based on their respective sizes using impactors, and were collected on suitable substrates, although not always appropriate for materials characterization purposes. Whenever required, appropriate sample preparation protocols have to be followed in the case of both SEM as well as TEM samples, with a focus on not altering the pristine and original features of the particles during the extraction stage from the substrates. In particular, reliable information could be obtained from a very small amount of particles, which is often a constraint in the case of other bulk characterization techniques. Keywords: particulate matter; scanning electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy; brake pads, X-ray spectroscopy |
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https://webapps.unitn.it/du/en/Persona/PER0004889/Didattica |
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Manoj Gupta |
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Title: Light-weighting the Light Magnesium Based Materials |
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https://www.eng.nus.edu.sg/me/staff/gupta-manoj/ |
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Ali Mohammad Hadian |
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Title: NbC based cemented carbides – a potential substitute for WC-Co materials in cutting tool applications |
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Abstract: Due to the proven toxic nature of Co and WO3 in WC-Co hardmetals, researches have been taking place during the past decade to substitute them with non- toxic materials. Reports show that NbC matrix cemented carbide can be a good candidate due to the non-toxic and not water soluble characteristic of Nb2O5. Moreover, studies have shown improved elevated temperature mechanical and tribological properties of these materials. It was evident in previous studies that the binder phase can greatly influence the mechanical and microstructural properties of the final cermet. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study the effect of using high speed steel (HSS) as the binder phase on mechanical and microstructural properties of NbC cemented carbides. For this mean, 2 grade of HSS steel were selected as the binder and wet mixed with 12 wt% of fine NbC powder. After drying, the green samples were prepared by thermoplastic processing and sintered in reduced atmosphere. Preliminarily investigations confirmed improvements in the hardness values up to 15.4 ± 0.8 GPa comparing with previous works carried out on NbC- stainless steel cermet. Moreover, microstructural analysis confirmed that high sintering temperatures results in high NbC particle growth which further deteriorate the mechanical properties. Keywords: NbC; Cemented carbide; High speed steel; Mechanical; Microstructure |
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Seokwoo Jeon |
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Title: Applications Realized by Large-area, Ordered Porous Ceramic Architectures Made by PnP |
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Abstract: Numerous three dimensional (3D) nanofabrication methods have been proposed for novel applications in mechanical metamaterials. However, highly periodic 3D fabrication in large area and volume has limited success. Here I present our recent efforts to expand the limit in size of highly periodic 3D nanostructures through Proximity field nanoPatterning (PnP) which uses conformal phase masks with outstanding scalability and easiness of the large area patterning. After brief overview of 3D nanofabrication technique and potential application fields, mechanical behaviors of nanocomposites based on 3D nanostructures will be discussed. Current applications are stretchable light scatter, interphase boundary nanocomposites (ceramic-polymer, ceramic-metal). The change of optical and mechanical behavior by changing the constitute materials and the geometry and thickness of cellular materials will prove the importance of structural motif in submicron, ordered porous materials and composites. |
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https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=qSKYGXIAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&sortby=pubdate |
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Yusheng Li |
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Title: Hetero-nanostructured stainless steel - from preparation to application |
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Hamid Reza Madaah Hosseini |
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Title: An open window towards a new-emerging generation of applications for nanostructured aluminium titanate |
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Abstract: Until recently, aluminium titanate (Al2TiO5 or AT) has been known as a refractory ceramic with a high thermal shock resistance and sufficiently elevated melting temperature. This was the reason why the literature were studying the mechanical and thermal properties of this traditional material and its thermal decomposition in a broad spectrum of operational conditions, because they believed that the thermal dissociation of this ceramic deeply changes its mechanical properties. For instance, any phase transformation in the crystal structure of aluminium titanate can develop microcracks throughout the hard matrix, serving as stress concentration centers. No one has paid the attention to other features of this ceramic and developed new applications for it. In 2014, our research team focused on the chemical synthesis of aluminium titanate in the nanostructured form and strived to reduce its particle size down to 100 nm. After the successful synthesis, a deep characterization was performed from crystallographic and phase transformation perspectives. It paved the way for more survey on the chemical reaction of AT with metallic powders. For the first time, our team fabricated an in-situ hybrid Al-Al3Ti-Al2O3 nanocomposite based on pure aluminium and AT by hot pressing and hot extrusion. In 2018, it succeeded in discovery of photocatalytic activity of this nanostructure and evaluated the effective parameters on its activity in removing the pollutants from the aqueous media. In 2020, following the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, urgent need for the antibacterial materials increased. Our team tried to dedicate the antibacterial activity to AT so that it can be applicable in the antibacterial paints, coatings, and textiles. This trust is ongoing and promising results are obtained. Most recently, we work on other applications including the water splitting and semi-conductivity of this valuable material. |
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http://sina.sharif.ir/~madaah/ |
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Soroush Nazarpour CEO at NanoXplore Inc., Montreal, Canada |
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Title: Recent Developments in the World of Graphene |
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Seeram Ramakrishna |
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Title: Build Back Better Materials World to Deal with the Existential Threats to Humanity - Reimagine Materials |
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Abstract: Inspired by the concern for humanity, authors of 1972 book The Limits to Growth professed problems affecting the habitability of planet Earth for today’s as well as future generations. Since then they were further refined and articulated. More recently, in the form of United Nations seventeen Sustainability Development Goals, SDGs. Sustainability is about reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as well as circular solid waste management to reduce environmental pollution and waste accumulation in the nature, to protect human health, to alleviate resources depletion and environmental deterioration, to regenerate biodiversity, and to overcome rising sea levels and extreme weathers caused by climate change for the well being of humans and preserving Earth for the future generations. The climate change articulation gained the attention of many people. And yet only a small fraction of humanity as well as capital investors are prepared to act on the sustainability solutions. Thus, sustainability articulations in the name of carbon neutral economy, low-carbon economy, circular economy, and science based sustainability targets with the promise of quality living conditions, jobs and economic growth, are advocated by the governments and captains of industry. There are many facets and dimensions to myriad articulations. Materials are central to the humanity’s sustainability efforts. According to recent papers published in the Nature journals, about 23% of global emissions can be attributed to materials production, and the global human made mass now excceds all living biomass of Earth. It is implicit to reimagine materials or build back better materials world so as to mitigate the existential threats to the humanity i.e. environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Materials - Emissions and Waste Burden Modern human life is built on materials advancements and exponential consumption of them. Materials development over the past three centuties is aimed at meeting the cost and functional performance requirements, and searching for special or unique material properties observed never before. This can be evidenced by the significant research investments in recent years to conceive high performance materials and intelligent materials. Materials education at more than 20,000 higher education institutions around the world is focused on theories and classification of materials, processing-microstructure-property relationships, and applications. Infusing materials education with sustainability aspects is recent, and only taking place at a small number of universities. Lack of suitable text books and core scientific principles are often cited reasons for this situation. Going forward this is untenable as the humanity is hard-pressed to mitigate existial threats. Hence, mainstreaming of materials sustainability education is necessary and important. Nature of materials in the generation of emissions and waste is underestimated. Henceforth, the materials research and innovations should also be aimed at lowering the carbon foot print of materials and enhancing the circulaty of materials. This calls for reimagining materials from atoms and molecules, as well as harnessing nanoscience, single atom science, and quantum science. They are in addition to ecofriendly design and materials efficiency of products, low carbon materials from renewable and local sources, resources efficient processes, more circular end of life waste management practices while not sending waste to the poorer communities, and switching to renewable energies to eliminate or reduce the waste and emissions at all stages. Furthermore, the traditional knowledge of materials laced with sustainability by the former civilizations has been either ignored or lost. It is valuable to systematically investigate and document the traditional knowledge of materials around the world and integrate it with the modern science and engineering of materials. Chemicals - Health Burden A common thread of UN SDGs is human health and wellbeing. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports suggest that human milk or breast milk is the best source of nutrition for infants, and furthermore, imparts enhanced protection from chronic diseases such as asthma and diabetes and mental health resilience in the adulthood too. Unfortunately, contamination of human milk with toxic chemicals and heavy metals are reported around the world. Chemicals found in drugs and manufactured materials and products enter the human body via all routes, which include ingestion, dermal exposure and inhalation. Chemicals accumulation in human tissues may disrupt the interdependent organ systems of human body. For example, the endocrine disrupting chemicals or EDCs may be one of the reasons for declining fertility rates in Europe, USA, China, Japan, South Korea and Singapore. The average birth rate of Singapore was 5.8 in 1959 and now it is 1.1. The current fertility rates of USA, Japan, China, and South Korea are 1.6, 1.34, 1.3, and 0.84, respectively. Most chemicals come to wide spread use based only on their technical, availability and cost performances. The vast majority of these, however, were never tested for unintended human side-effects. Henceforth, aim scientific research to develop human health friendly chemicals. Sustainable or green chemistry and adequately tested safe chemicals should only be allowed to enter market so as to ensure the resiliency of humanity. Efforts must be made to anticipate the human side-effects, and forestall health burden prior widespread introduction of new chemicals and materials. A clarion call to millions of researchers worldwide to reimagine materials or build back better materials and tackle triple expectations of future materials together i.e. enhanced functional performance, sustainability performance, and zero-negative health effects. Ultimately, materials should not be the bottleneck for ensuring the sustainability of humanity. |
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Saeed Sheibani
Associate Professor, Faculty of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
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Title: Copper Oxide Nanostructures and Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes |
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Abstract: One of the most important environmental challenges is the harmful organic pollutants such as organic dyes that are extensively present in the wastewaters. The photocatalytic degradation method using different semiconductors has been proposed to mineralize water pollutants. Among these semiconductors, copper oxides (CuO and Cu2O) are known as the semiconductors which activated under visible light irradiation. Several methods have been proposed to synthesize the copper oxide nanostructures including the sonochemical, microwave irradiation, thermal decomposition, solid-state reaction, electrochemical and wet chemical methods. On the other hand, nanocomposite formation between different semiconductor materials can improve some properties such as optical and photocatalytic activities due to the bonding between different phases and preventing rapid electron-hole recombination. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of copper oxide nanostructures and nanocomposites in the removal of dyes from water by the photocatalytic degradation process. Different types of nanostructures including CuO-Cu2O, CuO-ZnO, Cu2O-ZnO, CuO-TiO2, CNT-CuO and BiVO4-Cu2O were evaluated for degradation. The effects of different synthesis conditions, structural, microstructural and optical properties of photocatalysts, the concentration of dyes and dosage of photocatalyst on the degradation of pollutants such as methylene blue and methyl orange were evaluated under visible light irradiation has been studied. In addition, the kinetics and mechanisms of the degradation process have been investigated. Keywords: Photocatalyst; Nanostructures; Nanocomposite; Photocatalyst. |
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Kengo Shimanoe |
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Title: Functional Devices Using cAxis-Oriented Apatite-Type Lanthanum Silicate as new solid electrolyte |
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http://www.mm.kyushu-u.ac.jp/lab_03/en/index.html |
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Nobuhiro Tsuji |
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Title: "Fully Recrystallized Ultrafine Grained Metals Managing both High Strength and Large Tensile Ductility" |
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http://www.tsujilab.mtl.kyoto-u.ac.jp/01TsujiLab/Member/Tsuji/index.html |
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Ruslan Valiev Professor, founder and Scientific Director of the Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials, Ufa State Aviation Technical University since 1995, Russia |
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Title: Recent Findings on Paradoxes of Severe Plastic Deformation |
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Abstract: Recent studies in processing of metallic materials by severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques clearly showed that target nanostructuring can result in their paradoxial properties that usually are not typical for the materials subjected to conventional thermomechanical treatment. Such paradoxes constitute the combinations of high strength and ductility, demonstration of high strength and electrical conductivity, increased corrosion resistance and other. Herein, unusual combinations of mechanical and functional properties are reported following recent results and findings on a number of metallic materials processed by SPD as well as the physical mechanisms that are key to their origin associated with various nanostructured features from grain refinement to nanoscale and phase transformation. High innovation potential for application of these multifunctional materials in engineering and medicine is considered and discussed. Keywords: severe plastic deformation; nanostructured materials; grain refinement; strength and ductility |
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http://www.ipam.ugatu.ac.ru/people/valiev.html |
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Francisco Javier Velasco López Professor, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain |
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Title: Influence of the Surface Finishing on the Corrosion Performance of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel |
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Abstract: The surface finishing is often mentioned as a factor affecting the corrosion behaviour of metallic materials. However, the effectiveness of different surface treatments for increasing the electrochemical durability of austenitic stainless steels as well the mechanism that can explain the changes in the corrosion behaviour are not well known yet. The main objective of the work is to study the influence of surface finishing on the corrosion performance of an AISI 316L stainless steel. Different surface finishing treatments are considered, from coarse grinding up to traditional and innovative machining processes (low amount of cooling fluids and more environmentally friendly). The characteristics of the surfaces under study were analysed from a stress point of view with X-ray diffraction, and from a microstructural point of view by high-resolution EBDS. The chemical composition of the passive layers and their thickness, and the composition of the outermost metallic surface were analysed by Auger spectroscopy. Besides these characterizations, the corrosion performance in three different media were evaluated: neutral with chlorides, acid and alkaline. A three-electrode electrochemical cell with a drop of electrolyte (syringe cell) was used for performing the corrosion measurements on the different surfaces. After analysing the different systems with a wide set of electrochemical techniques, the most relevant influence was found in the passivation ability of the stainless steel in H2SO4 solutions. This property was better for innovative than for traditional surface machining processes and clearly better for both types of machined surfaces than for grinded surfaces. The grinded surface, exhibit a similar pitting probability than other treated surfaces, though the measured ipass and icorr of the grinded stainless steels are higher. The thickness and characteristics of the nanostructured layer generated by the deformation and recrystallization of the surface of the stainless steels after the different treatments seem to play a role in these behaviours. The potential influence of other factors as surface stresses, doping concentration on the passive layers (from Mott-Schottky analysis) or passive layer thickness and composition are also considered. The innovative, minimum quantity lubrication surface machining processes considered in this study can be a good alternative for keeping or even improving the good corrosion resistance of the traditional surface machining treatment, by the use a more environmentally friendly procedure. |
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